YPIE Scientist: Ariella Ram

Research: The Biodegradability of Fabrics

Abstract:

Textile waste is a major environmental concern, especially with the rise of fast fashion. Many clothes are made from synthetic fabrics that do not break down easily. This project aimed to investigate how different types of fabric decompose in a composting environment and to determine which materials contribute more to landfill waste. The fabrics chosen were commonly found in everyday clothing, making the research applicable to real-world concerns. The experiment was conducted over a simulated 30-week period. A compost bin was set up with controlled moisture conditions. Six 1-inch by 1-inch fabric samples were used: 100% cotton, denim (mostly cotton), polyester, 50/50 cotton-polyester blend, nylon, and fleece. Weekly visual observations were made, and fabric changes were noted to track decomposition over time. By the end of the 12 weeks, the cotton sample had broken down significantly, shrinking to about 0.3 inches with frayed, discolored edges. Denim also showed visible breakdown, reducing in size and separating at the seams. The 50/50 cotton-poly blend showed moderate decomposition, with the cotton fibers thinning out while the polyester remained intact. In contrast, polyester, nylon, and fleece showed almost no visible change and remained close to their original size (about 1 inch). These results support existing research that natural fibers decompose faster than synthetic ones, which are more resistant to composting. This study suggests that synthetic fabrics contribute more to long-term textile waste. Promoting the use of compostable fabrics may reduce landfill buildup and encourage sustainable fashion practices.

About this Scientist:   

Ariella Ram is an 11th grade high school student currently pursuing the IB Diploma at Yonkers High School. She is passionate about environmental science and sustainability, especially regarding reducing clothing waste. In the future, she plans to study Business Marketing in college and continue advocating for more sustainable practices in the fashion industry through community projects and research.

Presentation Slides